The Democratic Value of Whitmans Leaves of Grass Essay

Early reviews of Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass evince an incipient awareness of the unifying and acutely democratic aspects of the poetry. An article in the November 13th, 1856, issue of the New York Daily Times describes the modest, self-published book of twelve seemingly formless poems: As we read it again and again, and we will confess that we have returned to it often, a singular order seems to arise out of its chaotic verses (2). The Daily Timess identification of order out of chaos in Leaves of Grass parallels Americas theoretical declaration of e pluribus unum, one out of many—a uniquely democratic objective. Also manifesting the early perception of the democratic poetic in Leaves of Grass, yet focusing more on Whitman and†¦show more content†¦Remini notes, the Founding Fathers had agreed that a just government was based on the consent of the governed, but that did not necessarily translate into democratic rule (24). This republican mode of government safeguard ed unity among Americans because it advocated a trace of aristocratic regulation, insuring that the elite serve as a filter for political decisions and thus for maintaining order. Jackson, however, endorsed extreme democratic rule—governance by the people, by Americas very citizens. Jacksons view of the American system of government, Remini continues, was completely different from the Founding Fathers, and far more democratic. First of all, he maintained that the people always remain active in the governing process. The people can never be excluded; they did not surrender their right of self-government when they adopted the Constitution. They exercise it regularly through the ballot box, which all agencies of government (including the Supreme Court) must obey. (25) With valid reasoning, government officials feared the social and political manifestation of Jacksons radically democratic theories. Remini, interpreting the argument of those who found problems in Jacksons agenda, states that without a rule of law interpreted by a high court, the majority will tyrannize the minority (26). Jackson, though, trusted in the deep-seated integrityShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Walt Whitmans Leaves Of Grass And Song For Myself1068 Words   |  5 PagesMichelle C. Sipalay Professor Lesley Ginsburg ENGL3350 20 November 2017 Song for Myself, Sung for Others Notable American author Walt Whitman, with his piece Leaves of Grass/Song for Myself, was and continues to be a source of critique. Leaves of Grass was received as a riveting, revolutionary piece that overstepped many spiritual boundaries during the timeframe in which the composition was published. The text, released in 1855, was birthed into a world where religion was a rigid tradition, in whichRead MoreIndividuality And Free Verse in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself1524 Words   |  7 Pageskids, 2 cars, a dog and a satisfying job), the spirit of innovation, individuality and progress remains unchanged. The father of free verse, and perhaps the American perspective of poetry, Walt Whitman embodies these values in his life and work. First published in 1855 in Leaves of Grass, Song of Myself is a vision of a symbolic I enraptured by the senses, vicariously embracing all people and places from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. Sections 1 and 2, like the entirety of the piece, seek toR ead MoreDemocratic Individualism in Walt Whitman Poetry1663 Words   |  7 PagesDemocratic Individualism in Whitman’s Poetry Walt Whitman will remain as a well-known, superb poet. Clarence Brown stated, the words of someone speaking on Walt Whitman, â€Å"He is the only one of the conventionally recognized American poets who is worth reading† (37). Walt Whitman is a poet that writes with purpose. His poetry seems to attempt to teach the more desirable behavior and traits for Americans. It depicts the ideal American democrat, peace maker, and a well-rounded person, in general. NotRead MoreDefining The American Poet Through Leaves Of Grass : Walt Whitman3117 Words   |  13 PagesAugust 2015 Defining the American Poet through Leaves of Grass: Walt Whitman Walt Whitman s Leaves of Grass define the aspects of democratic poetry. Early reviews of Leaves of Grass claim that Whitman is the original American poet. This is due to how Whitman practices the democratic view of human equality. For example, if we take a look at a review published in the New York Daily Times that was written in 1856, less than a year after leaves of grass was published, the author claims about WhitmanRead MoreSong of Myself by Walt Whitman Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesnature of the poem. In the sixth part of â€Å"Song of Myself†, a child asks the narrator of the poem, â€Å"What is the grass?† (Whitman). Instead of simply giving an answer, the narrator cannot make up his mind, and stumbles on how to explain the grass to the child. Through the use of specific symbolisms, Whitman, as the narrator, explicates his views while remaining under the faà §ade of explaining grass to the child. The views Whitman conveys remain indeterminate and unclear to t he reader because the use of variousRead MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 PagesWalt Whitman’s vision of America in Leaves of Grass Valentine†©Abbet†© TRAVAIL†©DE†©MATURITE†© †© Sous†©la†©direction†©d’Anne†©Roland†Wurzburger†© Gymnase†©du†©Bugnon,†©Lausanne†© 2012†©  «I have sung the body and the soul, war and peace have I sung, and the songs of life and death, And the songs of birth, and shown that there are many births. I have offerd my style to every one, I have journeyd with confident step; While my pleasure is yet at the full I whisper So long! » Walt Whitman, So Long !, Deathbed editionRead MoreWalt Whitman: An Omnisexual Poet2586 Words   |  11 Pages The homosexual themes displayed in Walt Whitman’s works, especially in his most famous collection of poems Leaves of Grass, raise the question of his own sexuality. Many of his poems depicted affection and sexuality in a simple, personal manner, causing nineteenth century Americans to view them as pornographic and obscene. Based on this poetry, Whitman is usually assumed to be homosexual, or at least bisexual. However, this assumption does not account for major influences of his writing suchRead MoreEssay on Whitmans Music as a Means of Expression2414 Words   |  10 PagesWhitmans Music as a Means of Expression In his verses, Walt Whitman eradicates divisions of individual entities while simultaneously celebrating their unique characteristics. All components of the universe are united in a metaphysical intercourse, and yet, are assigned very distinct qualities so as to keep their identities intact. Often times, Whitman demonstrates these conceptions through elements of song. â€Å"Walt Whitman caroled throughout his verse. For the Bard of Democracy, as America cameRead MoreUnity Of The American Culture Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesPoet, Walt Whitman captures the strength in the unity of the American people. Through Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself,† he demonstrates the value of unity in the American culture. He celebrates the individuals who make up the United States, whether they are the common worker or the very rich. †Song of Myself† invites readers to see the hope and praise he had for all people in the American Culture. Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† shows the unity of people found in the culture of the American people. Read MoreTranscendentalism In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1242 Words   |  5 PagesMississippi River published in 1884. The novel criticizes the racism, slavery, and the hypocrisy that existed in the white â€Å"civilized† society to provoke a social change. Walt Whitman continues the same ideology in his poem, â€Å"Song of Myself,† from the Leaves of Grass collection voices his opinion on the racial prejudice he witnessed through a philosophical point of view about the universe. As a transcendentalist, Whitman strongly advocates for the unity of the individual and universe implying every individual

Do People Learn Who They Are Only When They Are Forced Free Essays

Abraham Lincoln, one of the greatest leaders in American history who has votes himself entirely into the great reformation of the country, was not as dutiful as in his presidency before he become the leader Of United States. During his early political career, his opinion on controversy of slavery had always been neutral in front of public. Nevertheless, he showed his firmness and fortitude on reforming the social structure of the country after he had won his election. We will write a custom essay sample on Do People Learn Who They Are Only When They Are Forced or any similar topic only for you Order Now The difference between early and late politic career of Abraham Lincoln perfectly demonstrate that people need external force to achieve a new level in their career. Another person who depicts brand new self after tremendous life change would be Kimberly Ghana, the Chinese girl from â€Å"Girl in Translation†. In the book, the girl and her family have immigrated to the great united States. The cruel reality she was living in made her become strong and brave when facing others who bully and disdain her. Despite all the pressure, she managed to study hard and gained scholarship in new private school. The headmaster admired her resilience and talents. Eventually, the saying â€Å"chance favors only the prepared mind† has proven on Kimberly. Her outstanding academic impressed Yale University. How to cite Do People Learn Who They Are Only When They Are Forced, Essays

Determinants and Value of Risk Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Determinants and Value of Risk Management. Answer: Introduction: According to McNeil, Frey and Embrechts (2015), risk culture is one of the system of values as well as behaviors which is mainly present within an organization for shaping the decisions of management as well as employees. One most important element of risk culture is development of proper understanding by the organization for its business related purpose (Burger and Gochfeld 2015). It is identified that risk culture is one of the glue that generally binds various elements of risk management infrastructure as it generally reflects shared goals, practices as well as reinforcement mechanism for properly embedding risk into an organizations decision-making processes As organizations needs to undertake some of the risks in order to achieve its goals as well as objectives thus, the existing risk culture of an organization either make the project successful or failure (DeAngelo and Stulz 2015). It is found that risk culture mainly affects the capability to take proper strategic decisions within the project in order to deliver the outcome of the project on time. Organization that have proper risk culture will generally found themselves allowing various activities which is totally considered as odds with appropriate stated procedures as well as policies. It is stated by Cole, Gine and Vickery (2017) that inappropriate risk culture not only highlights that the project related activities will be mainly undertaken only by few individuals but it also reflects that the activities of the project will be ignored by other individuals. If the organization does not have proper risk culture and if the stakeholder does not understand the risk then it would negatively affect the progress of the project. Therefore, it is very much necessary for the project stakeholders to understand as well as address the risk culture of the organization properly (Bromiley et al. 2015). In order to minimize the impact of the risk couture on the project it is very much necessary for the project board to set proper responsibilities as well as communication skills in order to enforce the risk culture of the organization that consequently influences, directs as well as align with the objectives as well as strategies of the project. The organization that have proper risk culture generally sets more risk related strategies in order to avoid as well as minimize any type of risk that would impact the project negatively (DeAngelo and Stulz 2014).It is found that positive risk culture assists in allocating resources in order to monitor various ty pes of risks and putting it in proper system in order to escalate information for judging the action place by the people. Therefore, proper risk culture within the organization does not assist in creating any type of negative impact on the results of the project. In order to resolve issues related with risk culture, it is very much necessary for the organizations to identify the risk as well as opportunities of the organization. In order to implement proper positive risk culture within an organization in order to avoid project failures it is necessary to have proper communication (Rampini and Viswanathan 2014) In addition to this, successful risk culture will be adopted within the organization by utilizing proper leadership tacking, appropriate processes as well as toolsets. In addition to this, proper formal procedure must be used in order to consider risks while making important decisions for the project. This step would be quite advantageous for making the project successful. Recommendations in order to integrate project risk management with the organizational culture The recommendations that are necessary for integrating risk management within the culture of the organization mainly include: Understood needs of project risk management before integration within organizational culture: Every organization has understood the requirement of risk management or risk mitigation plan within the project. However, some of the organizations are generally utilizing bureaucratic arrangements that assist in avoiding various types of regulatory penalties but keep the organization vulnerable to various types of project related risks as well as challenges. Therefore, it is very much important for an organization to integrate project risk management with the culture of the organization in order to get appropriate idea about management of inherent risks as well as for procedures that generally eliminates the exposure of various types of unnecessary risks. Proper risk management plan generally help the organization to integrate awareness within the culture of the organization Manage control as well as oversee different types of risks: In order to inherent risk management strategies, the organization it is very much necessary to manage, control as well as oversee various types of risks as well as challenges. It is found that effective integration of risk management strategies within the culture of the organization helps in making real choices on day-to-day basis. As the organizational people make significant risk related decisions then the approach of the company to integrate the risk management strategy within the organization is considered advantageous. Effective risk management integration holistically helps in addressing the elements of the organization including its culture, methodology, process, governance as well as tools for achieving success. Creating risk culture awareness: It is found that presently, organization does not have proper standardized management as well as reporting for various operational or project related risks thus they generally end up with poor transparency as well as various types of uninformed decisions. Many of the organization generally have improper compliance with the various operation related risks. However, in spite of addressing various types of reports, compliance as well as governance tactically, it is quite important to analyze the problems that generally occur due to lack of awareness within the culture. With appropriate realization the company can be able to promote proper sound culture that helps in supporting, promoting as well as motivates various cultures as well as polices. Overcome the challenges: It is identified that for overcoming the issues as well as challenges, it is very much necessary to lay a proper solid foundation that generally needs important top-down direction as well as time commitment. It is found that considerable cross-functional coordination within the various siloed organization is quite difficult to achieve due to the existing internal politics. In addition to this, it is identified that by defining the culture program too narrowly the objectives of risk management can be properly achieved. Measure the impact of the management: After integration of risk management within the organization, it is very much important to measure the impact of the program as well as documentation tracking culture. It is also necessary for the organization to properly measure each and every aspect of risk cultural program. Maintain proper risk environment within the organization: After integration of the risk culture, it is very much important to maintain proper risk environment within the organization. It is found that proper integration of risk culture within the organization assists in making risk enabled decisions as well as processes within the project. After embedding the changes, it is necessary to maintain it properly for achieving some positive results. Creative risk management entail According to Marcelino-Sadaba et al. (2014), risk management is considered as one of the integral component of proper management as well as governance. It is generally an iterative procedure that consists of number of steps that is generally undertaken in sequence for enabling continual improvement in making various types of decisions. It is found that all non-profit organization as well as business generally faces unexpected events and risks which generally cause loss of funds, injury to staff, revenue and further creates negative impact on the organization (Aldunce et al. 2015). Occurrence of any type of negative event generally cost money of the organization. It is very much necessary for the companies to forecast the risks as well as challenges properly in order to mitigate them at their initial stage. In order to manage risks as well as challenges, organizations generally implement risk management strategies that are helpful in resolving or mitigating the challenges that the com pany mainly faces. It is analyzed that in Australia, the utilization of risk management was mainly provided a proper boost by standards of Australian publication in order to mitigate the challenges that the Australian organizations are facing. It is found that development of risk management strategies depends on the maturity of the organization to face risk (Benson, Lorenzoni and Cook 2016). The more mature the organization becomes, it will implement more number of risk management strategies in order to avoid or minimize the chances of negative impact of the risk on the operations of the organization. It is identified that risk is the main cause of uncertainty within any organization. The organizations mainly get involved in identifying the risks for resolving them before it affects the operations of the organization. The ability of risk management helps the organization to act much more confidently on various future decisions in the business (Gatzert and Martin 2015).Their knowledge on risk management generally provides them different options for dealing with the potential problems that generally exist within the organization. It is found that risk management processes is very much important for an organization as without managing the risks, an organization cannot be able to define its future objectives for achieving success. If the objectives of the organization are defined without considering the risks then there is high chance that the organization will lose their direction due to the obstruction that will occur due to the occurrence of risks (Wu, Chen and Olson 2014). The mai n role of the team is to properly identify the risks, creates proper risk management strategies and executes the strategies in order to mitigate the issues as well as challenges (Grote 2015). Larger organization generally faces much more risk as compared to smaller organization therefore it is very much necessary for the larger organizations to implement proper risk management strategies so that the risks as well as challenges can be mitigated quite easily. Risk management plan mainly helps in ensuring that the risks that are associated with the organization will be mitigated properly. The main goal of the risk management is to minimize the impact of negative risks within the organization by enhancing the impact of opportunities (Cvitanic, Possamai and Touzi 2016). It is found that development effective risk management strategy generally assists in identifying the risks that are mainly associated with the business so that it will not create any type of negative impact on the operations of the business. An organization that is mature about the risks of the organization will mainly develop much more effective risk management strategy as compared to other organizations (Sweeting 2017). It is found that a joint effort was mainly utilized in the risk assessment which mainly included PPSLC which is a loan provider and Microsoft. In this joint venture the workers of Microsoft worked with PPSLC tech in order to resolve the security risk that th e organization is facing by utilizing proper risk management strategies. It is found that risk management strategies must be developed in the initial stage so that the risks as well as challenges associated with the organization can be resolved successfully. Effective risk management must be integrated with the various processes of the project so that any type of risk associated with the project can be easily identified at the initial stage. The other benefits of risk management are elaborated below: Better quality of data for decision making: It is found that with the help of risk management the senior leaders can be able to access proper quality of data which are quite helpful in enabling them to make proper decisions within the project (Cagliano, Grimaldi and Rafele 2015). Ability of accessing risk information in real time with the help of project management dashboards generally reflects that decisions are generally based on the latest data as well as information. Proper elevation of communication: Proper risk management generally elevates the conversation. It generally assists in creating proper point of discussion between the project team as well as various key senior stakeholders in order to prompt them to discuss on various difficult topics for dealing with potential causes of conflicts (Falkner and Hiebl 2015). Discussions on risk management generally helps in creating a positive working relationship with the various key personnels as their success is generally tied with the success of the project Setting proper expectation: By knowing that a risk can be properly managed generally helps in setting an expectation for achieving project success. With proper framework in place for delivering the known risks as well as open communication about the challenges of the project with the senior managers is quite helpful (Bellini and Di Bernardino 2017). It generally changes the entire team mindset. It is found that the expectation of success among the team members of the project generally assists in improving morale as well as productivity. Escalations are easier and clear: While dealing with risks, the project team needs to escalate the problem to the senior management in order to get proper action as well as advice from them. Clear process of risk management processes assists in making the escalations clear as well as easier. In addition to this, t is found that a defined procedure helpful in ensuring that risks are generally addressed as well as seen by the right people at right team for properly addressing a potential problem. Determining cost per day to crash each of the project activities Activity Immediate predecessors Normal time (Days) Crash time (Days) Normal cost (Rand) Crash Cost (Rand) Cost/Day for crash (Crash cost/Crash time) A --- 3 2 1400 2000 1000.00 B ---- 5 2 3000 4200 2100.00 C A 2 1 900 1300 1300.00 D A 4 2 1100 2500 1250.00 E A 2 1 400 900 900.00 F B 7 3 2300 3100 1033.33 G C,E 7 2 500 1100 550.00 H D,F 9 4 2200 3200 800.00 I G,H 5 3 2000 2400 800.00 Determine total time and cost involved which project duration can be reduced Activity Immediate predecessors Normal time (Days) Crash time (Days) Normal cost (Rand) Crash Cost (Rand) Time by which project can be reduced Cost by which project duration can be reduced A --- 3 2 1400 2000 1 500 B ---- 5 2 3000 4200 3 1200 C A 2 1 900 1300 1 400 D A 4 2 1100 2500 2 1400 E A 2 1 400 900 1 500 F B 7 3 2300 3100 4 700 G C,E 7 2 500 1100 5 600 H D,F 9 4 2200 3200 5 1000 I G,H 5 3 2000 2400 2 400 Total 43 13,800 23 17,500 The work breakdown structure is mainly defined as a work that is generally required for producing the product or deliverables of the project. It is generally represented as a hierarchical subdivision of a project within various work areas with lowest being the work package (Siami-Irdemoosa, Dindarloo and Sharifzadeh 2015). It is identified that for creating work breakdown structure for project, various approaches are generally utilized. The approaches in the development of work breakdown structureare listed below: Guidelines: The first technique that is generally used in order to create a work breakdown structure is by utilizing guidelines. Guidelines generally assists in providing content, form as well as project frameworks for meeting various project related standards within the organization. It is found that every organization have their own guidelines that are mainly used by them in order to create best possible outcome (Sharon and Dori 2015). It is very much significant to determine the past project documentation properly in order to design the work breakdown structure successfully. Analogy approach: Analogy approach is quite helpful in smaller project as this approach assists in tailoring the project successfully. Analogy approach is generally helpful in breaking down the project based on the experience (Zhang and Fan 2014). It is found that this technique generally utilizes a repository of WBS file that is generally worked for some similar type of project. The project manager can be able to review past projects WBS in order to create the new one as same method is followed in all projects. Top-down approach: Top-down approach that is utilized in order to develop a work breakdown structure helps in stating that in order to create a WBS, it is very much necessary to take the biggest task in the project and then break them down into number of manageable parts (Sandin and Berggren 2015). It generally needs much more logic as well as structure and it is mainly preferred method for creating work breakdown structure. This approach is generally helpful in identifying the solution first and then assists in dissecting it into number of smaller steps that is mainly needed in order to successfully implement the project. Bottom-up approach: This approach is one of the most straightforward methods for creating the WBS. In this approach, a specific task is generally picked and then it is completed successfully (Zecheru and Olaru 2016). This approach is generally considered as one of the ideal method that brainstorming a specific solution for the problem. The approach is mainly utilized by the team members of the project in order to identify as well as for listing activities of the project. Mind-mapping technique: This is considered as one of the most useful technique that is mainly used by most of the project specialist. In this particular approach, the tasks of the project are written in non-linear, branching format in order to create the WBS structure properly (Sequeira and Lopes 2015). It is found that there are number of mind-mapping tools that are available in the market, which can be utilized for creating work breakdown structure for the project. Furthermore, it is found that this approach generally allows drawing as well as writing pictures by using the different ideas in a non-liner format. Detailed outline report It is found that the project mainly focuses on the modification of desktop computers to light weight laptops development in order to ease portability. The project of product development steps as well as sequences is generally illustrated in order to explain the activities or actions that need to be performed during each phase of the project life cycle. It is stated by Snyder (2014) that project life cycle is a four step process that is mainly followed by all the project managers in order to execute the project successfully. The phases of the project life cycle mainly include: Conceptualization phase: Conceptualization phase is mainly considered as the initiation phase of the project. In this phase the project is mainly initiated and this step is mainly undertaken within the project in order to elaborate the needs as well as requirements of resources are services for completing the project successfully by the upper management of the organization (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). It is identified that in this phase, the activities or processes that are generally undertaken includes development of business case, undertaking feasibility study, establishing project charter, as well as appoints the project team members so that the medication of desktop computers to light weight laptops development can be easily completed. Planning phase: The next phase of the project cycle is the planning phase, where the solution of the project is properly developed by providing necessary steps for meeting the objectives of the project. In this step, a team member generally identifies all the work that is required to be performed within the project in order to execute the project successfully (Mir and Pinnington 2014). The requirements, tasks as well as resources of the project are properly identified in this phase along with appropriate strategy for producing them. Proper project plan is created in the planning phase that mainly outlines various project tasks, activities, dependencies as well as timeframes. The project manager mainly involve in coordinating for creating the project budget by estimating costs that are mainly associated with equipment, labor as well as material costs (Snyder 2014). As per the theory of project management, budget costs are generally utilized for monitoring as well as controlling the ex penditure of the project during the development of the project. In addition to this, the project manager identifies steps that can pose threat to the project. Identification of risk generally assists them to create proper risk management plan so that the risks that occur within the organization can be easily resolved within the initial stage (Kerzner 2017). Planning phase is also considered as one of the proper step to identify all the stakeholders of the project in order to create a communication plan that will elaborate the information that is required for illustrating information that is needed for keeping the stakeholders of the project informed. Execution phase: During the execution phase, the project plan is mainly put into motion and the entire project work is mainly performed. It is considered as one of the important step for marinating control as well as communication that is generally needed during the execution phase of the project (Svejvig and Andersen 2015). The steps that are generally undertaken in this step mainly includes generating idea, analyzing market research and competitors, screening of ideas, concept development and testing, analysis of business strategy and development, product development, testing marketing, as well as commercialization (Joslin and Muller 2015). In this phase, progresses of the project is continuously monitored as well as adjusted as required in order to achieve the objectives of the project. The project manager generally utilizes information that is mainly reported during regular meetings. They generally utilize the information in order to maintain proper control over the project direc tion (De Carvalho, Patah and de Souza Bido 2015). The project stakeholders as well as sponsors must be kept updated with the status of the project as per agreed frequency as well as format of communication. The project management theory states that the status report that is created in execution phase must emphasize various types of anticipated points in context to schedule, cost as well as quality of the project deliverables (Marcelino-Sadaba et al. 2014). One all the deliverables of the project is produced then the accepted solution can be easily achieved. Termination phase: During the final closure of the project, proper emphasis is generally released on the final deliverables of the project. In this phase, the activities that are mainly undertaken include business termination, releasing project resources, communicating the closure of the project to all the stakeholders (Chih and Zwikael 2015). The last remaining step that is generally conducted for examining the project properly in order to make sure that all the activities of the project are properly undertaken and the entire project is successfully completed within the estimated time and budget. It is identified that the activities that are generally undertaken in each phase of the project life cycle for properly developing the light weight laptop is provided below: WBS Task Name 0 Development of light weight laptops 1 Initiation phase 1.1 Developing business case 1.2 Undertaking feasibility study 1.3 Establishing project charter 1.4 Appointing project team members 2 Planning phase 2.1 Creating project plan 2.2 Development of resource plan 2.3 Development of financial plan 2.4 Creating quality plan 2.5 Development of risk management plan 2.6 Development of communication plan 3 Execution phase 3.1 Idea generation 3.2 Market analysis 3.3 Idea screening 3.4 Concept development and testing 3.5 Business strategy analysis and development 3.6 Product development 3.7 Testing marketing 4 Commercialization 4.1 Closure phase 4.2 Business termination 4.3 Releasing project resources 4.4 communicating the closure 4.5 Post project review Bibliography Aldunce, P., Beilin, R., Howden, M. and Handmer, J., 2015. 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Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1377-1392. Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., 2017.Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A.M.E. and Villanueva, P., 2014. Project risk management methodology for small firms.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.327-340. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A.M.E. and Villanueva, P., 2014. Project risk management methodology for small firms.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.327-340. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. 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Snyder, C.S., 2014. A guide to the project management body of knowledge: PMBOK () guide.Project Management Institute: Newtown Square, PA, USA. Svejvig, P. and Andersen, P., 2015. Rethinking project management: A structured literature review with a critical look at the brave new world.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.278-290. Sweeting, P., 2017.Financial enterprise risk management. Cambridge University Press. Wu, D.D., Chen, S.H. and Olson, D.L., 2014. Business intelligence in risk management: Some recent progresses.Information Sciences,256, pp.1-7. Zecheru, V. and Olaru, B.G., 2016. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) in Project Management.Revista de Management Comparat International,17(1), p.61. Zhang, Y. and Fan, Z.P., 2014. An optimization method for selecting project risk response strategies.International Journal of Project Management,32(3), pp.412-422.

School Annual Day Celebration free essay sample

?One of the most anxiously awaited occasions in any school is its annual day. Great excitement and hurried activities are visible all around. The preparations for the annual day begin much ahead of the day itself. The school gets a complete face-lift with all the classrooms thoroughly cleaned and charts on all subjects are displayed on the walls. This is done to impress the Chief Guest, other guests and parents. The venue of the function is decorated with Writings, balloons, banners and lights. Another important feature of the preparation is the regular practice session of the cultural programme to be staged on the appointed day. Students, participating in the dance, drama and music programmes are called for long rehearsals. The long-awaited day, finally, arrives and everyone seems to be immensely busy and hectic, rushing here and there for one reason or the other. All, including the principal, the teachers and the participants in the cultural programmes seem greatly excited and worried. We will write a custom essay sample on School Annual Day Celebration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those who are supposed to come to the stage tremble in excitement and fear. The rest of the students help to arrange the stage and look forward to a day of fun and frolic. As the Chief Guest arrives, the school-band springs into tune. He is escorted by a reception-committee, including the members from the Managing Committee, the principal, teachers and students. To start with, the principal delivers a speech, in which she first welcomes the Chief Guest and then details the highlights of the school-results in the Board’s Examinations and the awards that the students have won in various activities. Then the Chief Guest is requested to deliver his speech. It is followed by a speech from the Head-Boy. Finally, the Chief Guest is requested to give away the prizes to the students. The cultural programme begins after the prizes have been awarded. Songs are sung by the students, the dance and drama items are presented and one can see the hard work, the students have put in during their rehearsals. The last to come is the National Anthem, at the tune of which, all those who are present stand in attention. Then there is a controlled movement towards the exit. Parents wait outside for their children. Those who have won prizes and those who have performed on the stage are lovingly received by their parents. Finally, everybody goes home, bidding adieu to each other.

Was the Operation CHROMITE concept sound manoeuverist logic essays

Was the Operation CHROMITE concept sound manoeuverist logic essays Was the Operation CHROMITE concept sound manoeuverist logic justifying General MacArthur's resolute determination and acceptance of the inherent risks, or was success attributable more to his intuition and good luck? General Douglas MacArthur was the architect of the victory at Inchon, he was a 70 year old veteran of both world wars and was at the time Commander in Chief, Far East (CINCFE) Theatre. He was responsible for formulating a response to the North Korean invasion which had begun on 25 Jun 1950, as you have already heard his response was Operation CHROMITE. In the next 15 minutes I will attempt to focus on MacArthurs role and vision and answer the question as to whether it was his determination and acceptance of risk that led to the victory or more simply his intuition and good luck. I will look at the background, the plan, briefly look at the operation itself and then draw conclusions. Throughout I hope to link back to the five key areas of this question: manoeuverist logic; determination; risks; intuition and good luck. In Jul MacArthur had large numbers of troops commited to holding back the N Koreans however he had realised that a decisive solution to the conflict was needed. Having seen the South Koreans retreating he stated he would rely upon strategic manoeuver to overcome the great odds against me. It would be desperate, but it was my only chance. With the war a little over a week old he had instructed his COS, General Edward Almond, to consider plans for an amphibious operation to strike the enemy centre of communications at Seoul, an indirect appraoch designed to shatter enemy cohesion. Mac Arthur never wavered from his commitment to Inchon despite a number of postponements. The North Korean Army had forced the combined Republic of Korea and US forces to positions on the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula, a distance of some 150 miles. To stop this MacArthur had had to use every ava...

Direct and Indirect Objects

Direct and Indirect Objects Direct and Indirect Objects Direct and Indirect Objects By Maeve Maddox A transitive verb takes its name from the fact that its action goes â€Å"across† from the verb to a receiver of the action. The receiver of the action is called an object. Transitive verbs can take two kinds of object: â€Å"Direct Object (DO)† and â€Å"Indirect Object (IO).† Direct Objects A direct object may be a noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause. In order to identify the direct object, take the verb and ask the question â€Å"verb what?† or â€Å"verb whom?†: The lovely green crocodile swallowed the unwary swimmer. Question: â€Å"Swallowed what?† Answer: â€Å"the unwary swimmer.† The direct object is the noun swimmer and the words that go with it. The direct object can be a gerund or an infinitive phrase: His son likes repairing cars. (gerund, DO of likes) I want to write a best-selling novel. (infinitive phrase, DO of want) The direct object can be a noun clause: Mary Lou hates when her mother makes her clean the cat pan. (noun clause, DO of hates) I thought that you were going to pick me up after school. (noun clause, DO of thought) Please explain why you painted the garage pink. (noun clause, DO of explain) Indirect Objects An indirect object may be a noun or a pronoun. The Indirect Object does not receive the action of the verb; it receives the Direct Object. The verb is still the clue for identifying the Indirect Object. The question to ask is â€Å"Verb to† or â€Å"for What/Whom?† Uncle Scrooge left his nephews all his money. Question: â€Å"left to or for whom?† Answer: â€Å"his nephews† The Indirect Object is the noun nephews and the adjective that goes with it. When a transitive verb has both a direct object and an indirect object, the indirect object will usually come directly after the verb. Here are some more examples of Indirect Objects (in boldface): Sheherazade told the sultan a marvelous story. The construction engineer built his daughter a house. You have lain around the house long enough; get yourself a job. Here are some common words that take an indirect object with the â€Å"to† implied: award give grant hand lend offer owe tell promise pass show teach throw Here are some common verbs that take an indirect object with â€Å"for† implied: build buy catch choose cook find get make order peel pour save Both Direct and Indirect objects are said to be in the Accusative Case. Older terminology would classify nouns and pronouns used as Indirect Objects as being in the Dative Case. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementMay Have vs. Might Have

Journal 16 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Journal 16 - Assignment Example He managed to make plenty of money from handling cases of poor immigrants in New York City. He attracts clients through promises and extorts theme to bits. He believes that earning money brings more pleasure. He adds that making more makes his family happier. He observes that money produces happiness and does not take the time to address his family. Tito regrets his past behavior and treatment to his family. He wishes that he had created more time to measure up to his mistakes. On the contrary, it becomes too late to accomplish all that he wanted to share. He cannot show a decent goodbye to the family. Even though, Tito had plenty of complaints against his wife, he believed that the wife had a critical role within his life in Cuba. She was the main reason that pushed him to make more money as a way of satisfying her. He was aware that this had to be the only way of holding together the relationship. Previously, Tito lived a life of misery and difficulty. His wife came into his life while his business was successful and ran advertisements on mass media. Currently, Tito considers his wife a greedy woman who constantly asks the husband to award her money to expense. The fact that she shares no feeling for her husband, she refuses to divorce him for his riches. He has difficulties relating with Ines and Jaime. Tito’s life is limited within the confines of making profit from everyone. This has strained his relationships with his wife and children. He considers making more money through doctoring birth certificates, forging employment records, thwarting deportation, securing sponsors, generating legitimate green cards and applying for political asylums. These contrasts depict how people perceive of money as a happiness equivalent. The thought of more money amounts to equal amounts of happiness is misguided. Tito’s story shows that money does not have a direct comparison with the amount of happiness derived. Politics displays the characters’ in two

International Marketing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Marketing - Term Paper Example This report provides a macro analysis of China, one of the fastest growing markets in the world and which provides a suitable platform for a business to invest. One of the many admirable factors about China is its political stability. This gives businesses the confidence of establishing and expanding their businesses as they are assured of enhanced security. China is a single party state which is governed and controlled by the Communist Party. The single party aspect reduces the chances of political wrangles and further reduces the chances of politicians interfering with the business operations (Hale and Long, 80). Though the tariffs in China are high, they have been drastically reducing over the past few years. However, the government still has a lot to do when dealing with e-commerce businesses. The legal framework adopted for e-commerce insufficiently addresses intellectual property, and consumer rights are yet to be satisfactorily addressed (Hartman and Brown, 2013). Even with the few challenges, the political environment in China provides a healthy platform for businesses to operate. The economic environment is the second most important factor (after political) in determining whether a business shall succeed in a country. China’s economic environment has continued to be favourable to businesses, especially with the increasing demand. Based on nominal GDP and the purchasing power parity, China is ranked second, with the first position being America (InvestinChina, 2014). It has constantly experienced an increase and growth in GDP by about 7 %, and it’s GDP, by 2013 stood at 9.82% (Shao and Gui, 2014). This depicts the promising market in China, and businesses that invest here have high chances of succeeding. In addition, the inflation in China is lower as compared to many other developed countries, having a 2.5% inflation rate (InvestinChina, 2014) and an unemployment rate of 4.1%. The growth in GDP is as depicted in the diagram

Metaphysics and Realism Proponents St. Essay Example for Free

Metaphysics and Realism Proponents St. Essay Definition: *Realism may be defined as any philosophical position that asserts: 1. The objective existence of the world and beings an it and relatives between these beings independents on human knowledge and desires: 2. The knowability of these objects as they are in themselves 3. The need for conformity to the objective reality in man’s conduct *Realisms an educational philosophy which advocates that education should be concerned with the realities of life and should prepare a person for his/her duties in life. Ontology (Reality) for realism is a world of things. Epistemology (how we know) realists use their senses of observation Axiology of realism (values) is the laws of nature that can be revealed through the application of scientific reason Proponents: *John Milton believe that education must prepare one for life in the real world *Francois Rabelaisadvocated that all forms of studies be made pleasant, with games and sports being utilized toward the physical development of the child and for practical development of the child and for practical application later in life. Michael de Montaigneaccording to him, the aim of education, is not to produce scholars and professionals but to prepare a young boy to live the life of a gentleman in the world of affairs John Amos Comeniusfirst educator who advocated the use of visual aids in classroom teaching Francis Baconaccording to him, knowledge of nature is the only real and fruitful knowledge and should be the basis of all scientific progress. Richard Mulcaster he advocated that all teaching processes should be adopted to the pupils and that the mother tongue or vernacular should be used to instruct pupils aged 6 to 12. *Wolfgang Ratkeadvocated the use of vernacular as the medium of instruction as the child need no longer learn the language and thus can concentrate wholly on the lesson being studied. *Aristotle is the foremost proponent of realism, as Plato student, had his philosophical beginning rooted in platonic idealism, yet developed his own regarding the nature of reality later on. Aristotelian realism proposes that ideas can free float without having matter, whereas matter cannot exist without some semblance of form, and this form is independent of mental cognizance. *Religious realism was put forth by Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century stating that true reasoning lies with supreme reasoned-God—and that by aligning our rational minds with his tenets,we too can understand the universe and the nature of reality In more modern time’s philosophers such as Francis Baco, John Locke and later G. E. Moore and Ayn Rand forwarded theories regarding moral realism. Political realismproponents were Otto Von Bismarck and Carl Von Clausewitz. Moderate realism proponents St. Thomas Aquinas and John of Salisburyheld that universals exist only in the mind of God. Implication of Realism AIM The aim of education is to provide the students with the essential knowledge he will need to survive in the natural world. According to John Luis Vives aducation should develop personality Rabelais,was for the development of a whole man Milton believed that education was to prepare for actual living CURRICULUM The realists believe that the most efficient and effective way to find out reality is to study it through organized, separate, and systematically arranged subject matter. This is called the subject matter approach to curriculum which is composed of two basic components†¦the body of knowledge and the appropriate pedagogy to fit in the readiness of the learner. METHODOLOGY The teacher is expected to be skilled in both the subject matter that he teaches and the method of teaching it to students. The school task is primarily on intellectual one. In the elementary level, emphasis is on the development of skills for reading, writing, arithmetic, and study habits In the secondary and collegiate level,students will be required to recall, explain, compare, interpret and make inferences.

Edward Teach aka Blackbeard the Pirate Essay -- biographies bio biogra

Edward "Blackbeard" Teach was undoubtedly one of the most feared and most despised pirates of all time. Edward Teach is thought to have lived in England before his pirate career, although his exact origins are unknown. He was named "Blackbeard", for his large black beard that almost covered his entire face. To strike terror in the hearts of his enemies Blackbeard would weave hemp into his hair, and light it during battle. Edward Teach was an unusually large man, carrying two swords, numerous knives, and pistols- he was feared by his own crew. At the sight of this pirate, many of his victims were quick to surrender without a fight. If they did, he would often times just take their valuables, rum, and weapons— allowing them to sail away. However, if the vessel resisted capture, he would either kill the crew, or maroon them. Blackbeard needed to maintain his devilish image in order to maintain the respect of his crew (very few members of the crew doubted that he was the devil himself, very few didn’t fear him, and therefore they obeyed him). Blackbeard began his pirating career sometime after 1713, as an ordinary crewmember aboard a Jamaican sloop commanded by the pirate Benjamin Hornigold. In 1716, Hornigold supplied Teach with a small crew, and a small captured vessel to command. By 1717 Hornigold and Teach were sailing in alliance, and together were feared throughout the seas. In November 1717, Hornigold and Teach were able to capture a 26 gun French vessel called the Concorde (recent research has shown that the vessel had originally been built in Great Britain). Blackbeard’s pirate partner, Hornigold, decided to take advantage of a recent offer of general amnesty from the British Crown- and retire in comfort. Teach rejected t... ...ks running in blood. The battle could have had a different ending, Blackbeard had ordered one of his crew to blow up the powder magazine if the boat was taken, and fortunately for the survivors one of his less determined shipmates stopped him. The battle was over. It was rumoured that Blackbeard’s headless body ran amok and jumped into the water swimming around the ship. Whatever the truth of these tales, Maynard sailed home with Blackbeard’s head on a pole. Blackbeard had captured over 40 ships during his piratical career, and had been the cause of the deaths of hundreds of people. Although Blackbeard's lawless career lasted only a few years, his fearsome reputation has long outlived him. The death of Blackbeard and the trial of the remaining crew were seen as the beginning of the end of the years of buccaneering glory, and a big coup in the war against piracy.

Productive Opportunity Essay

Productive opportunities depends on multiple things, the advancement of technology, the availability and access to resources, and also what producers and entrepreneurs can think of at the given time. Choosing a combination of productive and financial opportunities help maximize wealth. They key in finding a productive opportunity is a high degree of awareness of the factors that distort judgment A perfect capital market is when buying and selling do not affect prices. â€Å"In a perfect capital market the corporation is regarded only as a means of generating wealth, because the present value of the dollar returns it generates is the only feature relevant to its owners.† Understanding your resource, resources is a source or supply from which an organization gains profit. Typically resources are materials or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable. From a human perspective a natural resource is anything obtained from the environment to satisfy human needs and wants. Organizations operate by people making decisions. A manager plans and organizes a team by executing decisions. The effectiveness and quality of those decisions determines how successful a manager is. With this being said â€Å"the goal of the manager and owner remain the same as long as market value is maximized.† Opportunity is all around us but yet at the same time sometimes we never see it. In business we look for new ways to market our business, reach our target market, build on online community and through this all we overlook the opportunity that is all around us. We are learning to create opportunity my maximizing our market value. In conclusion, â€Å"in a perfect capital market, the market value of the ï ¬ rm is determined only by the cash ï ¬â€šows it can generate and not by the source of funds used to ï ¬ nance those operations. The task of management is to create wealth by ï ¬ nding productive opportunities with average rates of return exceeding the market rate of interest.† Fabozzi, Frank J. (2011-12-01). Financial Economics (Page 46). Wiley. Kindle Edition.

Anthem for Doomed Youth

Choose a poem in which you feel there is a significant moment which reveals the central idea of the poem; show how the poet achieves this in an effective way. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. The poet achieves this through many poetic techniques such as depersonalisation and alliteration. The first hint of content of the poem comes in the title, the paradox of ‘Doomed Youth' implies that it will not be a happy poem but the first line is significant as the central idea of the poem is revealed. â€Å"What passing bells for those who die as cattle?† The rhetorical question at the very beginning of the poem draws the reader in making them think fully about the ideas carried on through the rest of the poem. From the very start we are aware that the people who are dying are not considered important as the writer refers to the people as ‘those'. Also the depersonalisation as he calls them ‘cattle' implies that they were thought to be no more than animals. They also lose their own personal identities. ‘Cattle' also implies that the men do not have voices and needs that anyone else – anyone human – can understand. As a reader I feel that opening the poem with a rhetorical question is very effective. However in the second line of the poem Owen personifies the guns – ‘monstrous anger' – showing that the guns are worth more and have a louder voice than the men who are dying, which links to the first line as the men were depersonalised. Also Owen uses the word ‘stuttering' to describe the rifles which could imply that the soldiers are young and nervous referring to ‘youth' in the title. The reader feels sympathetic towards the young soldiers. Again Owen implies that the soldiers are not seen as individuals by the use of ‘Can patter out their hasty orisons'. By using the word ‘their' Owen shows how the soldiers were grouped together. This idea is carried on to the next line with ‘No mockeries for them' as he refers to the men as ‘them.' The idea of ‘mockeries,' ‘prayers', ‘bells' and ‘mourning' all are associated with death and funerals, but the repeated use of ‘No' tells us that no one respected the soldiers enough for a proper burial, it could also imply too many of the soldiers were dying. This also relates to the question at the beginning of the poem. The reader feels angry that the soldiers are not respected in their deaths. Although the second stanza starts the same way as the first stanza – with a rhetorical question – the ideas suggested are different. â€Å"What candle may be held to speed them all?† Unlike the first rhetorical question this implies that there is not anything good or big enough to show respect to all the soldiers who died in the war. This rhetorical question also links the first and second stanzas together as they both start the same way. Also death is portrayed in a more positive light, as the people at home respect the soldiers. This is shown by the ‘holy glimmers of goodbyes' by the use of the word ‘holy' the poet shows the reader that the soldiers were respected greatly. Owen also implies that only in death with the torture of war end which makes the reader feel sympathy for the soldiers and anger for the pointless destruction that war causes. In contrast to the treatment of the soldiers in the first stanza the writer tells the reader that the soldiers will be missed as he says about the women at home: â€Å"the pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall;† This shows that they were worried about their husbands, brothers and sons. This is carried through the next line when Owen tells the reader ‘their flowers the tenderness of patient minds' showing that the war is not only affecting the soldiers but their loved ones who are left behind. This makes the reader sympathetic towards the soldiers and their family and friends. The idea of respect is carried on in the last line as the alliteration of ‘And each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds.' slows down the pace of the words and ‘drawing down of blinds' symbolises the end of another soldiers life as drawing down blinds was a mark of respect when someone died. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' by Wilfred Owen is a poem in which a significant moment reveals the central idea of the poem. Through many poetic techniques such as word choice, alliteration and personification the writer effectively creates a moment which the central idea is revealed. Anthem For Doomed Youth Throughout this poem there is a theme of mourning and funeral. In the first stanza it is almost sarcastic with instruments of war conducting a service on the battlefield for their victims. The guns become ‘passing-bells' and shells become ‘demented choirs'. The second stanza takes us back home where the true mourners are. The poet speaks of how ‘the holy glimmers of goodbyes' will shine in the eyes of boys instead of their hands and how ‘the pallor of girls' brows' being the ‘pall' of the dead. The last two lines, for me carry the greatest effect and meaning: ‘Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds, And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds' The first is about the disappointment of people who have worried and waited for a long time and whose pain can only be expressed in small gestures or things such as flowers. The second could be interpreted in many different ways. It could be referring to the custom of drawing down of blinds but it could also be about the end of a life and hope leaving as reality settles. These two lines also delineate the pointlessness of hoping as the dead were ‘doomed' and predestined for slaughter in the way that ‘cattle' are in the first place. ‘Anthem For Doomed Youth' is structured like a sonnet and has a very strong rhyme which never appears to be forced and does not interrupt the meaning of the poetry. Indeed, most things about the structure and choice of language appear to be unforced as they are so well incorporated with one another and only after the second reading does one realise how carefully thought out they are. In the first stanza, there is a large use of onomatopoeia: ‘stuttering', ‘rattle', ‘patter', ‘wailing'. This has the effect of bringing the reader to the battlefield. Wilfred Owen has personified the warfare and made the rifles ‘stutter' and the shells ‘wail'. He has also made them come to life; guns cannot be angry and neither can shells be ‘mourning'. This forms an image in the first stanza that is slightly ‘demented' and disturbing. He often repeats vowel sounds and uses alliteration throughout the poem. In ‘the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle' the ‘a' sound is repeated along with the alliteration of the ‘t's. The words of the poem are cleverly chosen to heighten the expression of the poem in the way it is read. For instance, in the quotation about the rifles above, the alliteration he has chosen to make makes the sound interrupted and quickens the pace. This also reminds of the panic and rushing of war. In the final lines the words are not ones that can be said quickly: ‘flowers', ‘patient', ‘minds', ‘slow', ‘blinds'. This dramatically slows the pace of reading and makes them more expressive because it makes the reader think that the poem also dies with the soldiers or the hopes for the soldiers' lives. What is interesting is that there are no phrases that bind this poem to the First World War. Of course, it was written about it, but if given to a reader who did not know about Wilfred Owen or his works, they could think it was about any or all wars after the invention of the rifle. The poem does not mention trenches or gas. ‘These who die as cattle' are not necessarily British, neither are they necessarily of any side in war; they are the collective dead. ‘The guns' are not our guns or their guns. In the preface for a book of poems he intended to publish, Wilfred Owen wrote ‘My Subject is War, and the pity of War. The Poetry is in the pity.' ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' is unique in that the pity is not only for the soldiers of the First World War, but also for those who suffered the loss of people they loved. It can be raised to a universal level where it comments on the shame and futility of all wars. In his other poetry, there is often blame involved but in this poem he evokes an air of sadness and waste only. There is genius behind the phrasing of it, but it is almost hidden because of its perfection.

Incredible India Essays

Incredible India Essays Incredible India Essay Incredible India Essay Dinner Transportation etc. Travel in IndiaWelcome Ceremony An auspicious and ceremonial welcome in Indian Traditional style at the Hotel with Shehnai Nagada wadan (music) at the entrance, with caparisoned camels / elephants at the gate with men women showering flower petals. The Barat (bridegrooms entourage) are greeted by with a ritual called aarti followed by tikka. Accomodation: A suit in Haveli for one night for newly Weds on complimentary basis. A special discount on Room rent to accommodate other guests. Bridal Make Up ; Costume: Bridal make up at Salon ; Costume can be arranged. Bridegroom: Leading him in procession, often-on horseback or caparisoned elephants for the Bridegroom to the marriage venue accompanied by the brass band. Bride: A silver chariot for the Bride ; Bride maids to ride to the Jaimala site. Vidaai (Concluding ceremony): Vidaai, the ceremony of seeing off the bride after the wedding, is a emotional moment for her family. We can make it all the more poignant with the lilt of the shehnai and transporting her in a tastefully decorated palki. Decoration: * Decoration of lights on trees. Decorated lights on Haveli ; Hotels ; Swimming pool. * Floral Decoration of Mandap. Rangoli ; Flower decoration, special Floral decoration ; Diyas along the pathways. * Decorative lights on the main entrance gates. The Art of Mehndi The wedding season is on! Its May already, which means the wedding seasons in full swing! Indian weddings are noisy colorful family get-togethers, which wouldnt be complete without certain things the religious ceremonies, the feast for the gue sts, and of course, the beautiful mehndi designs adorning the hands and feet of the bride and her friends. Read about mehndi, the ancient Indian body art thats reinvented itself as a modern fashion accessory. Its safe and painless since it does not require the skin to be pierced. Its completely natural and non-toxic. Its fun, exotic, beautiful, and as simple or complicated as you want it to be. It can last for a couple of days or as long as a month. Its a 5000 year old tradition and a modern craze. It was used by our grandmothers and their grandmothers and their grandmothers but our daughters and granddaughters also think its cool . It goes by the name of mehndi, and its the ancient Indian art of adorning the hands and feet with intricate designs and patterns, using a paste made from the finely ground leaves of the henna plant. The term refers to the powder and paste, the design on the skin, as well as the party or ceremony. It originated in Egypt and in Middle Eastern countries during ancient times and it slowly spread to India and other hot climates like Malaysia, Persia, Syria, Morocco, Sudan and North Africa. LANGUAGES Indias official language is Hindi in the Devanagri script. It is the primary tongue of 30% of the people. The States are free to decide their own regional languages for internal administration and education, so there are 18 official languages spoken throughout the country. Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri and Sindhi, are among the official languages which are also widely spoken. Sanskrit though an official language is hardly ever used except in rituals and ceremonies. While English enjoys associate status, it is widely spoken and is one of the most important languages for national, political, and commercial communication. In all there are 24 different languages, each spoken by a million or more persons; as well as millions of other languages and dialects.

John F. Kennedy and PT-109 in WWII

John F. Kennedy and PT-109 in WWII PT-109 was an 80-ft. patrol torpedo boat used by the US Navy during World War II. Commanded by Lt. John F. Kennedy, it was sunk by the destroyer Amagiri on August 2, 1943.   After the loss of PT-109, Kennedy went to great lengths to have his crew rescued. Nation: United StatesType: Patrol Torpedo BoatShipyard: Elco - Bayonne, NJLaid Down: March 4, 1942Launched: June 20, 1942Fate: Sunk August 2, 1943 Specifications Displacement: 56 tonsLength: 80 ft.Beam: 20 ft. 8 in.Draft: 3 ft. 6 in.Speed: 41 knotsComplement: 12-14 men Armament 4 x 21 torpedo tubes ( 4 x Mark VIII torpedoes)4 x .50 cal. machines guns1 x 20 mm cannon1 x 37 mm cannon Design Construction PT-109 was laid down on March 4, 1942, in Bayonne, NJ. Built by the Electric Launch Company (Elco), the boat was the seventh vessel in the 80-ft. PT-103-class. Launched on June 20, it was delivered to the US Navy the following month and fitted out at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Possessing a wooden hull constructed of two layers of mahogany planking, PT-109 could achieve speeds of 41 knots and was powered by three 1,500 hp Packard engines. Driven by three propellers, PT-109 mounted a series of mufflers on the transom to reduce engine noise and allow the crew to detect enemy aircraft. Typically manned by a crew of 12 to 14, PT-109s main armament consisted of four 21-inch torpedo tubes which utilized Mark VIII torpedoes. Fitted two to a side, these were swung outboard before firing. In addition, PT boats of this class possessed a 20 mm Oerlikon cannon aft for use against enemy aircraft as well as two swivel mounts with twin .50-cal. machine guns near the cockpit. Completing the vessels armament were two Mark VI depth charges which were placed forward of the torpedo tubes. After work was complete in Brooklyn, PT-109 was dispatched to Motor Torpedo Boat (MTB) Squadron 5 in Panama. Operational History Arriving in September 1942, PT-109s service in Panama proved brief as it was ordered to join MTB 2 in the Solomon Islands a month later. Embarked aboard a cargo ship, it arrived at Tulagi Harbor in late November. Joining Commander Allen P. Calverts MTB Flotilla 1, PT-109 began operating from the base at Sesapi and conducted missions intended to intercept the ships of the Tokyo Express, which were delivering Japanese reinforcements during the Battle of Guadalcanal. Commanded by Lieutenant Rollins E. Westholm, PT-109 first saw combat on the night of December 7-8. Attacking a group of eight Japanese destroyers, PT-109 and seven other PT boats succeeded in forcing the enemy to withdraw. Over the next several weeks, PT-109 took part in similar operations in the region as well as conducted attacks against Japanese shore targets. During such an attack on January 15, the boat came under fire from enemy shore batteries and was holed three times. On the night of February 1-2, PT-109 took part in a large engagement involving 20 Japanese destroyers as the enemy worked to evacuate forces from Guadalcanal. With the victory on Guadalcanal, Allied forces began the invasion of the Russell Islands in late February. During these operations, PT-109 aided in escorting transports and provided security offshore. Amid the fighting in early 1943, Westholm became the flotilla operations officer and left Ensign Bryant L. Larson in command of PT-109. Larsons tenure was brief and he left the boat on April 20. Four days later, Lieutenant (junior grade) John F. Kennedy was assigned to command PT-109. The son of prominent politician and businessman Joseph P. Kennedy, he arrived from MTB 14 in Panama. Under Kennedy Through the next two months, PT-109 conducted operations in the Russell Islands in support of the men ashore. On June 16, the boat, along with several others, moved to an advanced base on Rendova Island. This new base became a target of enemy aircraft and  on August 1, 18 bombers struck. The raid sunk two PT boats and disrupted operations. Despite the attack, a force of fifteen PT boats was assembled in response to intelligence that five Japanese destroyers would be conducting a run from Bougainville to Vila, Kolombangara Island that night. Prior to departing, Kennedy ordered a 37 mm gun field mounted on the boat. Deploying in four sections, PT-159 was the first to make contact with the enemy and attacked in concert with PT-157. Expending their torpedoes, the two boats withdrew. Elsewhere, Kennedy patrolled without incident until spotting firing along the south shore of Kolombangara. Rendezvousing with PT-162 and PT-169, he soon received orders to maintain their normal patrol. Due east of Ghizo Island, PT-109 turned south and led the three-boat formation. Moving through the Blackett Straits, the three PT boats were spotted by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri. Turning to intercept, Lieutenant Commander Kohei Hanami bore down on the American boats at high speed. Spotting the Japanese destroyer at about 200-300 yards, Kennedy attempted to turn to starboard preparatory to firing torpedoes. Too slow, PT-109 was rammed and cut in half by Amagiri. Though the destroyer suffered minor damage, it safely returned to Rabaul, New Britain the following morning while the surviving PT boats fled the scene. Thrown into the water, two of PT-109s crew were killed in the collision. As the forward half of the boat remained afloat, the survivors clung to it until daylight. Rescue Aware that the forward section would soon sink, Kennedy had a float fashioned using a timber from the 37 mm gun mount. Placing badly burned Machinists Mate 1/c Patrick MacMahon and two non-swimmers aboard the float, the survivors succeeded in evading Japanese patrols and landed on uninhabited Plum Pudding Island. Over the next two nights, Kennedy and Ensign George Ross unsuccessfully attempted to signal patrolling PT boats with a salvaged battle lantern. With their provisions exhausted, Kennedy moved the survivors to nearby Olasana Island which possessed coconuts and water. Seeking additional food, Kennedy and Ross swam to Cross Island where they found some food and a small canoe. Using the canoe, Kennedy came into contact with two local islanders but was unable to get their attention. These proved to be Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana, who had been dispatched by Sub Lieutenant Arthur Reginald Evans, an Australian coastwatcher on Kolombangara, who had seen PT-109 explode after the collision with Amagiri. On the night of August 5, Kennedy took the canoe into the Ferguson Passage to try to contact a passing PT boat. Unsuccessful, he returned to find Gasa and Kumana meeting with the survivors. After convincing the two men that they were friendly, Kennedy gave them two messages, one written on a coconut husk, to take to the coastwatchers at Wana Wana. The next day, eight islanders returned with instructions to take Kennedy to Wana Wana. After leaving supplies for the survivors, they transported Kennedy to Wana Wana where he made contact with PT-157 in the Ferguson Passage. Returning to Olasana that evening, Kennedys crew was ferried to the PT boat and transported to Rendova. For his efforts to rescue his men, Kennedy was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal. With Kennedys political ascent after the war, the story of PT-109 became well known and was the subject of a feature film in 1963. When asked how he became a war hero, Kennedy replied, It was involuntary. They sank my boat. The wreck of PT-109 was discovered in May 2002 by noted underwater archaeologist and oceanographer Dr. Robert Ballard.

International trade & business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International trade & business - Assignment Example onal trade and its correlation with foreign direct investments, domestic environments, latest technologies, and the impact on the current international business environment. It also describes the role of driving forces behind the firmly integrated global international trade system. A substantial preference is given to underline the implications of international trade i.e. declining barriers to the international business and its continuous contribution towards the world’s economy. It also analyzes that how the international businesses are reacting to the changing environment of global economy. The paper puts some light on the concerns highlighted by rapid growth of international trade along with its implications to some particular countries and multinational companies. The roles of these companies and government policies have been critically analyzed to figure out the benefits and gray areas of international trade. Over the past thirty years or so, a universal shift has been occurring in the world economy. There was a time when national economies were isolated from one another and relatively self contained. The rationale of isolation included barriers to cross-border trade and investment, i.e. due to distance, time zone, environment and cultures, natural differences in languages and political regulations, and the business systems. Today, the world has been observing a totally different scenario because geographical distances are reducing due to tremendous development in telecommunications and transportation technologies. Beside this, the global environment and culture have turned into almost same fashion while national economies are merging into an integrated as well as independent global economic system. All these changes and developments have decreased the barriers to cross-border trade and investments. It is widely believed that all such happenings and improvements have been occurred by the tremendous growth of international trade at global scale (Panic,

Social Psychology Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Psychology Paper - Essay Example We are to define the terms, map the terms to excerpts from the examples, and then correlate the reasons we selected those excerpts to those definitions. Terms to define and understand Confirmation Bias Balez (2008) defines confirmation bias as something that occurs when people project their expectations on one another and the other reacts in the way that person is projecting. This is commonly referred to as the "Pygmalion effect" (Overview section, para. 1). If one expects the best from another that is what one will receive. Conversely, if one expects the worst treatment, this is what one will receive. In the second scenario it was stated, â€Å"Though disappointed, he tried to hide it because at least she seemed to care for the students and it wasn’t really her fault that so many students showed up at the same time† (Example 2, 2011). Because Jonathan believed the best in Dr. Jones, he looked for ways to defend her behavior in cutting the advising sessions short. Addit ionally, Jonathan thought, â€Å"at least she seemed to care for the students† and â€Å"Dr. Jones was impressed with Jonathan’s maturity† (Example 2, 2011). External Locus of Control A person's perception of the source of his or her fate is termed locus of control. Those with an internal locus of control believe they are in control of their destiny or what may or may not occur in their environment. Treven & Treven (2011) describe those guided by an external locus of control as being guided by something outside him or herself. Externals faced with a stressor are more likely to be stressed, passive, and defensive. â€Å"She tried to disguise her disappointment and anger because her advisor cared too little for his students to allow enough time to meet every student for the time they needed† (Example 1, 2011). If Jessica had given much thought to the timing of their sessions, late in the term, a long wait, she may have realized that there would be concerns with the time frame. Both students were affected by the timing of the session being shortened and in being disappointed. However, Jessica was affected from an external standpoint and became angry and appeared â€Å"rude and incompetent† to her advisor (Example 1, 2011). Fundamental Attribution Error Per Changingminds.org (2011), the ability humans have to attribute the cause of events to one thing or another exists because humans have a need to explain the world, in their own mind and to those around them. This helps each of us to feel like we have some sense of control. When explaining behavior, it can affect the standing of people within a group. When another person has erred, we will often use internal attribution, saying it is due to personality factors. When we have erred, we will more likely use external attribution, attributing causes to situational factors rather than blaming ourselves. Antello, Prilipko, & Sheridan-Pereira (2010) define fundamental attribution error aaccording to Heider from 1958 as "observers attribute characteristics to actors on the basis of the actor's behavior" (Literature Review, para. 4). â€Å"Upon entering the room he was disappointed to hear Dr. Jones say she was running late with his student meetings and would have to get done in 10 minutes and there was only time for last minute checks of her schedule† (Example 1, 2011). â€Å"Because her advisor cared too little for his students† (Example 1, 2011). Jessica refused to take responsibility for her situation by getting angry. She

A New Architecture for Sustainable Development Research Proposal - 1

A New Architecture for Sustainable Development - Research Proposal Example Though the article is quick to blame developing countries for this problem, nothing has been mentioned of the role played by developed countries or the efforts that the developing countries may be putting in place to deal with this problem. Therefore, other than blame games, if developing countries have to embrace sustainability (which they should), developed countries have to reward them as a motivation to follow sustainable paths and to abscond from doing exactly what the developed countries did some few decades ago. UNIT Globalization and sustainability Confino, J. 12 July 2013. Should sustainability professionals fly less? The Guardian. [online] Available at http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/should-sustainability-professionals-fly-less DESCRIPTION: Thanks to globalization, the world has become a borderless global market with companies establishing their operations anywhere around the world. A good number of companies are based in westerns countries though they have their operations in Asia, Europe, and Africa or virtually in any corner of the world. This means that most executives make numerous business trips around the planet. What they do not realize is that by traveling in vehicles and taking flights, they are contributing to the same pollution that they are trying to fight in their businesses’ social corporate responsibility policies RELEVANCE: The article highlights the challenge that globalization has on the essence of sustainability. Global sustainability refers to the possibility of meeting the current needs without affecting the chances of future generations meeting theirs (Hart & Milstein, 2003) REFLECTION: By making numerous flights, we increase environmental pollution. Such pollution has the potential of preventing future generations from meeting their basic needs, which contradicts with our sustainability efforts. Maybe to solve this contradiction, it would be advisable to use more video conferencing and other real-time com munication channels to reduce our trips across the globe. Sustainable Organisations Eccles, R.G. & Serafeim, G. May 2013.The Performance Frontier: Innovating for a Sustainable Strategy. Harvard Business Review. [online] Available at http://hbr.org/2013/05/the-performance-frontier-innovating-for-a-sustainable-strategy/ar/1 DESCRIPTION: The article explains the culture of organizations in innovating strategies that would lead to sustainability in their business. Many organizations have put in place diverse measures towards achieving sustainability, some of which do not align with their business objectives. Therefore, the main question is what should an organization focus on to remain sustainable or to achieve sustainability? Today, there are numerous educational programs critical in bending the curve of the current world towards a more sustainable future ( Dey, Kurucz & Colbert, 2010).  

Causes of Economic Growth and Crashes

Causes of Economic Growth and Crashes Amy Zhi â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† â€Å"Too Big to Fail† and the 2008 Recession The film â€Å"Too Big to Fail† takes viewers down the 2008 financial meltdown, also known as the â€Å"Great Recession of 2008,† and emphasizes its impact on the economy. The crisis was avoidable and caused by â€Å"widespread failures in financial regulation (Fed’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages); dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance including too many financial firms acting recklessly by taking on too much risk; an explosive mix of excessive borrowing and risk by household and Wall Street that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis; and simply lacking a full understanding of the financial system they oversaw.† ( University of North Carolina). The book â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† by Peter Schiff, comically interprets the effects of inflation, deficit spending, central banking, foreign trade, and the housing bubble and credit crunch of 2008. The U.S. economy boomed during the 2000-2007 period, as the global pool of fixed-income securities increased greatly from $36 trillion in 2000 to $80 trillion by 2007. In â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,† the Usonian economy starts with production and trade soon follows. Usonia now had savings and credit, an increase in savings decreases real interest rates and an increase in credits increases demand, hence, there was expansion in the Usonian economy. As the economy prospered, it created a paper currency backed by fish, similar to currency backed by full gold reserves in the U.S. However, fractional reserve banking develops and only a fraction of bank deposits were backed by actual fish for withdrawal. The government decided to delink the paper currency from the fish. Usonia degraded the value of the fish by creating more fish out of the value of one. This process of â€Å"shrinking fish† eventually leads to â€Å"fishflation.† As people start spend ing more and producing less, the economy stops blooming and crashes. A king from Sinopia, an island that still had no savings, bank credit, or business, observed Usonia and saw their luxurious lifestyle of credit and commerce. The king thought that the possession of Fish Reserve Notes was the key to advancement. Notes were then used as money across the entire ocean, and the economy was saved as Sinopia traded their fish for Usonia’s fish reserves. Thus, Usonia was again piled with savings and credit, causing a spending binge atmosphere in Usonia. This is similar to when China supplies the essential items for U.S. fiat currency. Usonia largely consumed and Sinopia produced, hence, the trade relationship was skewed. However, as Goodbank said, â€Å"The people will get wise. They will worry about their savings and withdraw their deposits,† which is exactly what happened next. Foreign islanders realized that the fish reserve was worthless with no backing at all. Therefore, islanders started to withdraw fishes with their fish reserves all at once. In truth, there really were not enough fish in the economy, so Usonia had no choice but to close the fish reserves window. It is fiat currency and worthless, backed by nothing but the faith in the government. Producers were harmed by the expansion of the money supply because resources were more expensive and workers would soon demand higher real wages. Production decreased further and the Usonian bank loan officials targeted the islands â€Å"hut loan market.† As lenders and borrowers in the U.S. put their immense amount of savings to use, the â€Å"Giant Pool of Money† â€Å"overwhelmed the policy and regulatory control mechanisms in the country.† (Abir) Citizens jumped to buy houses all at the same time, either for greed, fear, or stupidity. There were risky investors and individuals who thought there was no ceiling price on real estates. There were individuals jumping into the housing market because they were concerned if they didn’t, they would lose out on easy profit. Mortgage regulators were not paying close enough attention to the market and business practices, commodity mortgage buyers were not researching the loans they were taking out, and speculators /builders were pricing homes entirely too high in the first place. All of which lead to the housing bubble of 2008. Senator Cliff Cod of Usonia created Finnie Mae and Fishy Mac to buy hut loans from the market. â€Å"The hut lending program was a massive hit amongst banks as they were earning risk-free profits. These agencies created a big industry where hut building, hut selling and hut decorating industries took off.† (Krishna) All of production and advancement occurred while no actual fish were being generated, so, nothing productive was actually happening. Although loans were not the best use of savings, political officials â€Å"encouraged hut ownership and education.† (Krishna) There were tax breaks on hut loans, which caused even more people to invest on these huts. Sinpoian fish were being imported to Usonia like rapid waves, credit levels were high and risk was ignored. Huts started becoming more luxurious and unreasonably expensive. Eventually, â€Å"the â€Å"hut market† took a down turn and every associated industry felt the pain.† (Krishna) As U.S. home pri ces declined steeply after peaking in mid-2006, it became more difficult for borrowers to refinance their loans. In addition, â€Å"assets dramatically plummeted, while the liabilities owed to global investors remained at full price.† (Abir) One of the primary causes of the recession was government intervention in the housing market. This intervention, primarily through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, helped inflate the housing bubble that triggered the crisis. Due to the lack of regulation, banks and credit card companies were freely lending out money to people. Even those who could not afford expensive houses took out loans that they seemingly couldn’t pay back to buy the expensive houses. During the 2008 recession, struggling banks and lenders cut back lending and created a sudden sharp reduction in availability, causing a credit crunch. Consumers were no longer able to borrow and spend, while businesses also cut back their investments as demand decreased. In â€Å"Too Big to Fail,† Dick Fuld, CEO of Lehman Brothers, a large investment bank, is seeking investment, but investors are hesitant because Lehman is exposed to toxic housing assets from the housing bubble. The Lehman’s counterparty risk, risk that a counterparty will not pay as obligated on a transaction, is impacting the entire financial market, while the stock market is in a free fall. The government could only do one thing, urge consumers to spend more. They wanted to keep spending though the crisis and borrow more, however, this would eventually lead to a depression. In the film, Henry Paulson, U.S. Treasury Secretary, plans to buy the toxic assets from the banks, so they wouldn’t go bankrupt and could lend out money again. Paulson later then decides to inject capital into the banks, for it was easier and could boost lending more quickly. By injecting the capital, he expected that the banks will have the money now to lend out to citizens and credit will flow again. The banks agreed, markets stabilized, and the banks repaid their Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) funds. However, Paulson’s expectations were wrong, banks didn’t lend out the money from the injections. As the epilogue of â€Å"Too Big to Fail† stated, â€Å"credit standards continued to tighten resulting in rising unemployment and foreclosures. As bank mergers continued in the wake of the crisis, these banks became even larger and ten financial institutions held 77% of all U.S. banking assets and have been declared â€Å"too big to fail.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Gould) Congress created â€Å"TARP in October 2008, part of which was used by the Treasury to inject much needed capital into the nation’s banks. The Fed aggressively lowered interest rates during 2008, adopting a zero interest rate policy by the end of the year. It engaged in massive quantitative easing in 2009 and early 2010, purchasing Treasury bonds and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities to bring down long term interest rates.† (Blinder and Zandi) â€Å"The Troubled Asset Relief Program of 2008 rescued our financial system from almost certain meltdown, saving the U.S. financial system at the brink of disaster.† (Weller) Shortly after TARP enacted, loan tightening and interest rates eased. The Recovery Act spending helped decrease unemployment and personal disposable incomes increased. â€Å"Industrial production turned around with infrastructure spending spurred by the Recovery Act. After-tax income grew more quickly following the payroll tax cut , followed by job growth accelerating and decrease in household debt. The Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 â€Å"strengthened the fledgling economic recovery by cutting the payroll tax and continuing extended unemployment insurance benefits.† (Weller) In the end, Usonia was completely out of fish. They borrowed more and more to the point where most of their debt was funded by more debt. Citizens don’t save more since borrowing is a simple and easy process. Most people just walk in wanting more money, and walk out with more money and debt. Although higher taxes create more jobs and government revenue, it discourages work and investment. Plus, individuals and private businesses use money more efficiently than the government. In today’s society, spending is almost the route to happiness. That is, people spend to make themselves and others happy. We can’t spend less, but perhaps we can spend smarter. The book’s message itself is very clear. If the U.S. keeps spending and borrowing freely, it will soon meet with hyperinflation and an even more severe economic devastation. Bibliography University of North Carolina. Subprime mortgage crisis. 13 January 2008. 25 April 2014 http://www.stat.unc.edu/faculty/cji/fys/2012/Subprime mortgage crisis.pdf>. Abir, Zaber. THE Global Financial Crisis: Above Beyond. 6 December 2012. academia.edu. 25 April 2014 http://www.academia.edu/2344211/THE_Global_Financial_Crisis_Above_and_Beyond>. Blinder, Alan and Mark Zandi. How the Great Recession Was Bought to an End. 27 July 2010. economy.com. 25 April 2014 https://www.economy.com/mark-zandi/documents/End-of-Great-Recession.pdf>. Romer, Christina. Treatment and Prevention: Ending the Great Recession and Ensuring that It Doesn’t Happen Again. City Club of Cleveland. Cleveland: whitehouse.gov, 2010. 16. Krishna, Radha. How an Economy Grows Why it Crashes : Summary. 14 August 2011. 25 April 2014 http://radhakrishna.typepad.com/rks_musings/2011/08/how-an-economy-grows-why-it-crashes-summary.html>. Schiff, Irwin and Peter Schiff. How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes. Hoboken: Wiley, 2010. Too Big to Fail. Dir. Curtis Hanson. Perf. Peter Gould. 2011. Weller, Christian. 10 Reasons Why Public Policies Rescued the U.S. Economy. 29 May 2012. 25 April 2014 http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2012/05/29/11593/10-reasons-why-public-policies-rescued-the-u-s-economy/>. Williams, Roy. Birmingham investment experts have mixed reactions to report on Great Recession. 20 February 2011. 25 April 2014 http://blog.al.com/businessnews/2011/02/birmingham_investment_experts.html>.